PAN PAN: The emergency call when it’s not life-threatening

Stay calm and be prepared — even for seemingly trivial problems at sea there is a clear procedure. The PAN PAN call serves as an international emergency signal, indicating that the situation is serious but not yet an immediate threat to human life or the boat. Knowing when to use it and what to say on the radio is one of the basics of safe sailing.

Three well-known terms are used on marine radios: M'aidez (Mayday), Panne (Pan Pan) and Sécurité. All come from French and indicate different levels of urgency.

• What does PAN PAN mean? — Pan Pan is a shortened form of the French word panne, meaning a breakdown or malfunction. It signals an urgent situation where help is needed, but there is no immediate threat to life or the vessel. The call is always repeated three times: “Pan Pan, Pan Pan, Pan Pan.”
• Why not "SOS"? — Mayday and Pan Pan have replaced the older Morse code distress signal SOS, as spoken communication is faster and clearer. Both are broadcast on the international emergency VHF channel 16, where clarity and correct use are essential.

When making an emergency call, it is vital to choose the right level of urgency. The following shows how the three main calls are used:

Once a serious problem arises that does not immediately threaten lives, it is time to make a PAN PAN call. To ensure your message is understood, follow this standard procedure:

1. Say the signal - repeat "Pan Pan" three times.
2. Address the recipients - say “All stations, all stations, all stations,” or name the specific shore station if known.
3. Identify yourself - give your vessel’s name and call sign.
4. State your position - use GPS coordinates or describe your distance and bearing from a known landmark.
5. Describe the problem - briefly explain the situation (for example, “Engine failure, drifting without power.”).
6. Specify the assistance required - clarify if you need a tow, medical advice, or navigational information.

Repeat the call until you receive a response. If the situation escalates and becomes life-threatening, switch immediately to a Mayday call.

For a better idea of its use, here are situations where a PAN PAN call is appropriate:

• Engine failure or a broken propeller - you are under sail or at anchor, but the engine has failed. Request towing or technical advice.
• Small fire that has been extinguished – although dangerous, if the fire is under control and no one is injured, it is still worth reporting.
• Loss of orientation - you cannot determine your position, but you are not in immediate danger of running aground.
• Man overboard - you have the situation under control, but nearby boats need to be alerted to slow down and keep watch.
• Technical fault - such as failed navigation instruments, broken rigging, flat batteries, or minor water ingress.

The key point is that the situation is urgent but not life-threatening. If it begins to escalate or risks getting out of control, switch immediately to a Mayday call.

Don't forget the other signals

PAN PAN is not the only recognised call. Two other signals complete the picture:

• Mayday - used only when there is an immediate threat to life or the vessel. It demands urgent rescue and takes absolute priority over all other calls. False or unauthorised Mayday calls are a serious offence.
• Sécurité - used to broadcast important safety information to all vessels in the area, such as weather warnings, hazards, or navigational issues. It is not a call for direct assistance but a notice to stay alert.

The right call can save a life - or at least your holiday. Using the right signal will make the work of rescuers more efficient and prevent unnecessary overload of the emergency frequency. That's why:

• Practice mock calls - simulate emergency situations and have at least two crew members send mock calls to take the stress off.
• Know your equipment - check your VHF radio, make sure you have the correct channel and prepare alternate communications such as a DSC button or EPIRB.
• Take a course - take a VHF/SRC course and get the necessary certification; professional instructors will teach you the proper procedures.

Knowing how to call for help makes boating safer and more relaxed. Remember: PAN PAN means "I need help, but it's not life-threatening". Say it clearly, concisely and with a healthy dose of calm — and you'll be in control of the situation.